Case Discussion of Renal Failure Requiring CRRT/IHD

Role of Ethics in Health Care Moral Behaviour †Free Samples

Question: Examine About the Role of Ethics in Health Care Moral Behavior? Answer: Introducation Moral practices or morals is the ground on which individuals represent. Morals lead in the human services setting is basic as it improves the idea of the connection between the patient and the medicinal services give. rIn this case, the medicinal services supplier ought to guarantee they act morally so as to nature a domain of trust inside the social insurance setting. Having this at the top of the priority list, the exposition will talk about the job of morals in the medicinal services. The main job of morals is that it guarantees equity and decency win in the human services. Clinicians should regard and treat all patients similarly paying little mind to their social standing. Clinicians should avoid preference (Peacock, Zasada, Coucke, Cox and Janssens 2016). Regardless of whether the patient is a heavy drinker, experiencing bronchitis or any sort of disease, the clinician should treat the patients with compassion so as to upgrade specialist tolerant relationship (Holloway and Galvin 2016). Second, morals in the medicinal services setting assumes a noteworthy job in tolerant self-rule. Clinicians should convey themselves in a moral way in the manner in which they handle the patient. For this situation, they ought to consistently think about an educated assent when managing the patient (Shang and Venkat 2016). Subsequently, the clinicians endorsement is basic with respect to the patients intrigue and this sort of moral thought ought to be a piece of the social insurance suppliers jobs so as to improve the clinical result (Dolezel and Morrison 2017). Third, morals lay a significant job in the social insurance setting as they defend the patients intrigue (Celie and Prager 2016). In situations where the social insurance supplier doesn't act in a moral way, they can jeopardize the life of the patient or put their life in danger. In this manner, medicinal services suppliers are required to be moral consistently so as to address the issues of the patients, as it is basic in furnishing them with quality consideration (Celie and Prager 2016). At long last, morals in the medicinal services assume a fundamental job as they increment open help and trust on the social insurance suppliers (Ball, Kim and Kiel 2016). For this situation, inability to watch morals in the human services will prompt a misfortune in broad daylight trust, which will adversely influence the tasks of the office. Further, morals in the social insurance will energize benefactors and open liberality towards the office, which will improve the idea of wellbeing administrations offered by the office (Ball, Kim and Kiel 2016). At the end of the day, an association or wellbeing office whose individuals demonstration in a moral way will pull out in the open because of the trust they work through their moral thought. In this way, when medicinal services suppliers act in a moral way, occasions of moral problem inside the association or wellbeing offices are negligible along these lines improving the idea of care (Atkins, Kilbourne and Shulkin 2017). All in all, the foundation of morals in the medicinal services setting is basic as it improves the nature of care given to the patients. Human services offices and associations ought to hold fast to morals in the treatment of patients and the patients family. For this situation, it is the obligation of the human services suppliers to create and keep up these moral guidelines and doing so needs significant pondering and thought Reference List Atkins, D., Kilbourne, A.M. what's more, Shulkin, D., 2017. Moving From Discovery to System-Wide Change: The Role of Research in a Learning Health Care System: Experience from Three Decades of Health Systems Research in the Veterans Health Administration.Annual Review of Public Health, (0). Ball, M.J., Kim, G.R. what's more, Kiel, J.M., 2016. Social insurance data the board systems.Cham: Springer International Publishing. Benedict, J.L., 2017. Presentation. InA Revised Consent Model for the Transplantation of Face and Upper Limbs: Covenant Consent(pp. 1-7). Springer International Publishing. Ciasullo, M.V., Ciasullo, M.V., Cosimato, S., Cosimato, S., Palumbo, R. what's more, Palumbo, R., 2017. Improving medicinal services quality: the usage of whistleblowing.The TQM Journal,29(1), pp.167-183. Carlson, J.N., Hegde, G.G., Shang, J. what's more, Venkat, A., 2016, March. Assessment of Viewpoints of Health Care Professionals on the Role of Ethics Committees and Hospitals in the Resolution of Clinical Ethical Dilemmas Based on Practice Environment. InHEC forum(Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 35-52). Springer Netherlands. Chooljian, D.M., Hallenbeck, J., Ezeji-Okoye, S.C., Sebesta, R., Iqbal, H. what's more, Kuschner, W.G., 2016. Enthusiastic Support for Health Care Professionals: A Therapeutic Role for the Hospital Ethics Committee.Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life Palliative Care,12(3), pp.277-288. Celie, K.B. what's more, Prager, K., 2016. Medicinal services Ethics Consultation in the United States.AMA Journal of Ethics,18(5), p.475. Dolezel, D.M. also, Morrison, E.E., 2017. Improving the Curriculum with Ethics: Gaps between Perceived Ethical Challenges of Practitioners and Educators.Journal of Curriculum and Teaching,6(1), p.45. Gallagher, A., Peacock, M., Zasada, M., Coucke, T., Cox, A. also, Janssens, N., 2016. Care?givers reflections on a morals instruction vivid recreation care understanding: A progression of epiphanous events.Nursing Inquiry. Holloway, I. furthermore, Galvin, K., 2016.Qualitative research in nursing and social insurance. John Wiley Sons. Kluge, E.H.W., 2017. Wellbeing Information Professionals in a Global eHealth World: Ethical and lawful contentions for the universal confirmation and accreditation of wellbeing data professionals.International Journal of Medical Informatics,97, pp.261-265. Marcus, B.S., Carlson, J.N., Hegde, G.G., Shang, J. also, Venkat, A., 2016, March. Assessment of Viewpoints of Health Care Professionals on the Role of Ethics Committees and Hospitals in the Resolution of Clinical Ethical Dilemmas Based on Practice Environment. InHEC forum(Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 35-52). Springer Netherlands. Nelson, R. also, Staggers, N., 2017.Health informatics: An interprofessional approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. Peacock, M., Zasada, M., Coucke, T., Cox, A. what's more, Janssens, N., 2016. Care?givers reflections on a morals training vivid recreation care understanding: A progression of epiphanous events.Nursing Inquiry. Shields-Zeeman, L., Pathare, S., Walters, B.H., Kapadia-Kundu, N. what's more, Joag, K., 2017. Advancing prosperity and improving access to emotional well-being care through network champions in country India: the Atmiyata intercession approach.International Journal of Mental Health Systems,11(1), p.6. Shang, J. what's more, Venkat, A., 2016, March. Assessment of Viewpoints of Health Care Professionals on the Role of Ethics Committees and Hospitals in the Resolution of Clinical Ethical Dilemmas Based on Practice Environment. InHEC forum(Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 35-52). Springer Netherlands. Weaver, C.A., Ball, M.J., Kim, G.R. also, Kiel, J.M., 2016. Medicinal services data the executives systems.Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Buying a Car Online Heres How to Avoid Getting Scammed

Buying a Car Online Heres How to Avoid Getting Scammed Buying a Car Online? Heres How to Avoid Getting Scammed Buying a Car Online? Heres How to Avoid Getting ScammedTrying to buy a car online will leave you vulnerable to scammers who either want to take your money and run or sell you a car thats in really poor shape.Do you ever wonder if maybe the story of Jack and the Beanstalk teaches kids a dangerous lesson about the risk of being scammed? Becauseâ€"and let’s be honest hereâ€"999,999,999 times out of a trillion, the kid who just traded the family cow for a couple of beans is getting taken for a ride. And yet Jack’s story just so happens to highlight the one entirely implausible instance where those beans actually were magic. It’s wildly irresponsible if you ask us.Case in point: If you are thinking about buying a car online via Craigslist or another online marketplace, then you should push the story of Jack and his magic beans as far from your mind as you can. Because there are indeed scammers lurking out there on the web, looking to either sell you a lemon or even steal your money outright. There will be no magic beanstalk, no giant’s treasure, none of it. If you get taken in by a scammer, it’ll just be you and that handful of regular ol’ beans.That’s why we’re here: To pedantically poke holes in centuries-old fairy tales written for children and to keep you safe from online car-buying scams! How online car-buying scams work.Justin Lavelle is a scams prevention expert and the Chief Communications Officer of background check provider BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). Here’s his description of how online car buying scams typically play out:“The scammer will target an unsuspecting online shopper who is looking for a car at a bargain price. They’ll use a popular site like Cars.com or Craigslist. The car ad will include several photos and a link to the car’s history report showing that the car is in good condition and includes a clean title.“The fake car ads are using information that they’ve cloned from legitimate listings. The scammer inclu des an email address for inquiries, but no telephone number.”And here’s what happens once the scammer’s mark takes the bait and makes contact:“The victim emails asking for more details on the vehicle,” says Lavelle. “The scammer replies and says that they are, for example, a pilot preparing to relocate and that they’re forced to sell the car, which is why you’re getting such an amazing deal.“They explain that the car purchase is a simple process which includes you wiring the money to an escrow company which will then retain the money until you’re in receipt of the vehicle. They send the victim a link to the website of the escrow company.“Again, the escrow sites have been cloned. They even include a vehicle purchase protection program that states that once the buyer receives the car, should they decide it wasn’t what they wanted, they can receive a full refund.”Additionally, some car scams involve the scammer trying to sell you a lemon. And just to be clear: We don’t mean an actual yellow lemon. Although receiving a lemon instead of a car would be both annoying and a successful scam on their part.No, we mean the scammer is trying to sell you a car that is actually in far worse shape than it first appears. Everything seems right and good with the vehicle until suddenly, 20 miles later, you discover a family of possums living under the hood. Not fun!Here’s how you can keep yourself safe.Like with any other type of scam, protecting yourself in these situations comes down to one thing above all else, and that’s remaining skeptical. Instead of taking things that the seller tells you at face value, push back and demand verification. If the seller keeps making excuses, that’s your red flashing warning sign that’s something wrong.Beyond that, there are many steps you can take and clues you can uncover to suss out a potential online car-buying fraud.“Don’t conduct business with online sellers who refuse to discuss the sale via pho ne, meet with you in person, or allow you the option to inspect the vehicle before you make your purchase,” said Lavelle, adding that you should “Be cautious of a seller insisting on using a specific online escrow company. Chances are, it’s their attempt to send you to a cloned site.”According to him, you should also treat an online car ad the same way you treat a suspicious email:“Don’t click on any links provided by the online seller. Rather, open your browser and enter the company’s name, go to the site, and verify that the company legitimately offers the services the seller claims it does.Lavelle also recommended that you guard your personal info just as closely with online sellers as you would with, well, with anyone else that you deal with on the internet.“Don’t provide your personal and financial information online,” he said. “For instance, don’t send the seller your credit card information or your bank account information. Don’t send any personal in formation to the online escrow company until you’ve verified that it’s a legitimate company.”Jake McKenzie, content manager at Auto Accessories Garage (@aagarage), also singled out suspicious payment methods as an important sign that you’re being scammed:“A scammer’s favorite method of exchanging money is through a wire transfer or a bank-to-bank transfer. Any car seller that brings up one of these methods of currency exchange is almost always a scammer.”“Most often the scammer claims to be outside of the country for any number of reasons,” he added, “so they explain a plan wherein they will ship the vehicle upon receiving a payment. Anyone unlucky enough to send a payment will never see the car, or their money, again.”If it’s too good to be true …Ever since humankind was capable of rubbing two sticks together, there have been untrustworthy folks trying to scam others with the promise of bigger, better, more rubbable sticks. So as McKenzie reminded us, some times the oldest advice is the best:“The old adage goes ‘if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.’ This has never been more true than with buying a car online. Scammers are an impatient lot that want to attract as many would-be buyers as they can, and they typically do this with an ad that sounds like the deal of a lifetime.”Just as you can never fully trust the photos that someone uses in their online dating profile, you shouldn’t be relying only on the photos of a car that have been uploaded by the seller:“I have purchased many cars online. You can never trust the pictures. They can be altered,” said Lauren Fix (@laurenfix) of Car Coach Reports.  Start by filtering through the listings and read all the details. Ask the seller multiple questions before moving forward.  If the vehicle is not near your location, higher an appraiser or a friend to visit the seller and take a look, send pictures or do a FaceTime to get a real feel for what you are buying.“If the value seems right, meet the owner and their vehicle at a mutual agreed care repair facility or dealer and have it inspected before taking ownership.  Buying a car to find out that a major expense is being masked can be very painful to your wallet.”Lastly, Lavelle had another great tip for sniffing out too-good-to-be-true scams. “Go to an online resource for car valuation, such as Edmunds or Kelly Blue Book,” he said. “Check the car’s value against the information provided on these sites.  If the price is much lower, that’s a red flag.”Use this checklist to avoid car scammers.Valerie Coleman is a longtime automotive expert with online marketplace 5miles.com (@5milesapp). She had a number of tips for people looking to buy a car online that can double as a handy scam prevention checklist:“Vehicle identification numbers: Always make sure that you are shopping cars with published vehicle identification numbers. Each VIN is unique to each car. With this number, you c an check ownership, accidents,  and conditions of used cars.“Down payments: Never send money prior to seeing the car. While an exception to this could be argued with reputable companies that offer seven-day ownership returns, smaller companies and private sellers often do not offer this type of protection.  While buying a car sight unseen is becoming a more popular option, only reserve this option (if you can) for new cars that come from a reputable car dealership.“Use known websites: Many websites and newspapers advertise both used and new cars. Scammers oftentimes target smaller, less known sites and papers because theyre less likely to track those who post ads. By contrast, sites like 5miles.com use triple verification, thereby making it more difficult to remain anonymous.“Take the car to a mechanic: Cars can look great and still have major mechanical issues. If the car looks like too good to be true, it probably is. Arrange to have a mechanic you trust look at the car to give you insight into the overall condition of it. (Note: Underlying issues may not be found by a novice during a simple test drive.) If the seller refuses this request, walk away from the car.“Ownership: If buying from a private seller, ask to see the title and verify ownership via identification. There have been cases of relatives, for example, selling cars that do not fully belong to them. If there is no title to show, this may not be a legitimate sale.  Many scams are the result of individuals posting vehicles that do not belong to them. So be careful.“It is important that youre diligent when shopping for a car online, especially when it comes to digital retail. Use good judgment and trust your instincts,” added Coleman. And we couldn’t agree more.Scammers these days might be a little too savvy to promise you magic beans, but a little bit knowledge and a good helping of common sense will help keep you safe.You know whats another great way to lose out on a car? Taking ou t a predatory title loan! Here on the OppLoans Financial Sense blog, we cover all the potential financial pitfalls that consumers have to be wary of, especially when it comes to bad credit loans and no credit check loans like cash advances or title and payday loans. To learn more about protecting yourself from scamsâ€"both online and offâ€"check out these related posts from OppLoans:10 Tips to Protect Your Money for Cyber Security Awareness MonthHere’s How to Keep Yourself Safe From Mail Scams10 Common Scams: How They Work and How to Avoid ThemDating App Dangers: 7 Tips to Avoid Getting Scammed by a Fake RomanceHas anyone ever tried to scam you when you were buying a car online? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsValerie  Coleman  is a 15-year veteran in the automotive industry.  Her vast digital experience stems from more than a decade of working at  AutoTrader, as well as helping to create a new digital automotive experience for the mobile marketplace platform,  5miles.com (@5milesapp).  Under her leadership, 5miles has become a go-to lead generation source for local auto dealers throughout the U.S.Lauren Fix (@laurenfix) is a nationally recognized automotive expert, media guest, journalist, author, keynote speaker,  and television host. A trusted automotive expert, Lauren provides an insider’s perspective on a wide range of automotive topics, energy and safety issues for both the auto industry and consumers. Her analysis is honest and straightforward. Lauren is the automotive expert for Car Coach Reports, The Weather Channel and Inside Edition. She is the CEO of Automotive Aspects, Inc., a consulting firm with a wide range of multi-media services, media consulting, broadcast messaging strategy, public relations,  and television production. Lauren has authored three books: most recently, Lauren Fix’s Guide To Loving Your Car with St. Martins Press. Lauren Fix was inducted into the National Women and Transp ortation Hall of Fame in 2009â€"a very high honor for a hard working automotive professional.Justin Lavelle  is a Scams Prevention Expert and the Chief Communications Officer of  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). BeenVerified is a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It helps people discover, understand and use public data in their everyday lives and can provide peace of mind by offering a fast, easy and affordable way to do background checks on potential dates. BeenVerified allows individuals to find more information about people, phone numbers, email addresses,  and property records.Jake McKenzie is the Content Manager at  Auto Accessories Garage (@aagarage), a fast-growing, family-owned online retailer of automotive parts and accessories. He manages all written content for the website including research guides, product descriptions, and other informative articles. He also enjoys attending the annual SEMA Show, the premier automotive specialty produc ts trade event held every November in Las Vegas. Jake often lends his opinions and expertise to a variety of online blogs, websites, and news sources.

It s Winter Vacation, What Better Way You Spend It Than...

It’s winter vacation, what better way to spend it than at Disneyland? Well, last year that might not have been the case. A measles outbreak spread through six American states, Mexico, and Canada nearly infecting 150 people, but thankfully no one died. However, the majority of those infected were unvaccinated. Every year, vaccines prevent as much as 14 million illnesses and 33,000 deaths. At one point, the measles virus had been almost completely eradicated, as well as smallpox and polio, but these diseases are now quickly reappearing, and outbreaks are happening more frequently. As vaccine exemptions increase, the amount of cases only increases with it. Without vaccines, thousands of people would die, and unnecessary cases would spread†¦show more content†¦Many parents fear that vaccinations will negatively affect their child due to the number of side effects vaccines have the potential to inflict. For example, six vaccines have been linked to anaphylaxis—a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction (Mercola). Common side effects of vaccines include, but ar e not limited to, tenderness, fatigue, redness, fever, itching, headaches, muscle aches, loss of appetite, and fainting. Some more serious side effects include seizures, deafness, comas, organ failure, and of course, death (Possible Side-effects). However, what people don’t understand is that the more serious side effects are extremely rare, and it is more likely that someone will die from a falling asteroid or a lightning strike than to develop one of these serious side effects (Geggel). Vaccines were created to stop illnesses, not cause them. Impressively, vaccines prevent more than 2.5 million deaths every year, but there were just over one hundred vaccine related deaths last year (Lopez). Although vaccine side effects do exist, the benefits largely outweigh the risks. Aside from the side effects, anti-vaccinators are supposedly repelled by what vaccines are grown on, and what they are created from. A common misconception is that vaccines are made using aborted fetuses. Vaccines do not contain fetuses, but they are sometimes grown on aborted fetuses.

Risk Versus Reward The Continuing Vaccination Question

Risk Versus Reward: The Continuing Vaccination Question As young Americans living in the twenty first century, vaccines have always had a place in our lives. It is taught to us at a young age that vaccines are not only beneficial but necessary to the pursuit of healthy and long lives. For decades we have been giving vaccines to ourselves and our children without question because the doctors say we should and they have the education, not us. The number of vaccines children are mandated to receive continues to rise at an alarming rate. Currently, children receive approximately fourteen different vaccinations before the age of two Many of these vaccinations require multiple inoculations, which often have a child receiving four more shots in†¦show more content†¦In retrospective study children under the age of one, who had the DPT shot delayed by four months showed to have reduced the incident of asthma by six percent on average (McDonald et al. 628). Parents and health care pro viders need to ask how much is too much and how young is too young? Conventional thought is that the earlier a child receives vaccination, the earlier they start to build anti-bodies, preventing the child from ever contracting an active form of the disease (Miller 167). This is contradicting to the rational used to promote breast feeding. Health care professionals teach the importance of breast feeding because infants have immature immune systems and need the mother’s anti-bodies from breast milk to keep them healthy. If an infant’s immune system is not strong enough handle the regular Bactria and viruses of the world, how can the same immature immune system build up anti-bodies from a vaccine within hours after birth? Vaccines are considered the number one health achievement of the twentieth century (Achievements in Public Health†). Mass vaccinations and the herd immunity they provide are believed to have saved countless lives since their introduction. On averag e it takes the body a week or longer to detect, identify, and build up antibodies to unknown microbes. For some diseases a week is long enough to inflict lasting

Totalitarianism Soviet Stalin Free Essays

To what extent was the Soviet Union a totalitarian state by 1939? The term ‘totalitarianism’ emerged in the 1920s and ’30s, to describe the dictatorial regimes which appeared at that time in Germany and the USSR. The Soviet Union was undoubtedly totalitarian by the late 1930s. However, Stalin’s power was anything but absolute up until that time. We will write a custom essay sample on Totalitarianism Soviet Stalin or any similar topic only for you Order Now It took the Great Terror, the cult of personality and two decades of political patronage to put him in a position where he could abandon the pretences of law and rule like a tsarist despot. According to the political scientist Carl Friedrich, a totalitarian regime is istinguished by the following characteristics: a powerful ideology, which promised the onset of a golden era; a single mass-based party, led by a charismatic dictator; a system of terror, built around a ruthless secret police force; and the centralised control of the economy, the mass media and the armed forces. Clearly, the Soviet Union shared all of these characteristics by the late 1930s. As far as ideology was concerned, Marxism-Leninism offered a powerful and appealing vision for the nation: a society that was devoid of exploitation, and in which all men and women were qual. Of course, the reality in no way mirrored that vision, but this could be rationalised on the grounds that state control was necessary until capitalism had been vanquished elsewhere in the world. Marxism also offered a deterministic interpretation of history, in which all societies were moving towards socialism. Hence, dissidents (those who opposed the Stalinist vision) could be swept away on the grounds that they were standing in the way of history. Politically, the Soviet system had many characteristics of totalitarianism even before Stalin had consolidated his ule. Russia had become a one party state within a year of the Bolsheviks seizing power, and that party soon grew to have millions of members. With the outbreak of the civil war, the Cheka had been given the power to deal with enemies of the Revolution without the inconvenience of a trial. No one knows how many people were put to death in this way between 1918 and 1924, but it was at least 70,000 and possibly as many as a quarter ofa million. Even so, the Communist Party itself retained many democratic elements throughout the 1920s. Stalin needed the support f his colleagues to attain pre-eminence within the Politburo, and this dependence continued until the 1930s. Even as late as 1933, he was unable to persuade his colleagues to have dissident elements within the party put to death. Only two members of the Politburo (Molotov and Kaganovich) were willing to back him on this. Two others (Voroshilov and Kalinin) were reluctant to agree, while the rest (Kirov, Ordzhonikidze, Kossior, Kuibyshev and Rudzutak) were totally opposed. To obtain absolute power, Stalin needed to circumvent the traditional avenues of authority and resort directly to terror. Kirov’s assassination gave him his chance. In 1936, he unleashed a series of show trials, to discredit and eliminate his enemies within the Central Committee. In the first of these trials, in 1936, Stalin eliminated the so-called ‘Oppositionists’ – those Old Bolsheviks who had tried to block his rise to power in the Os (men like Kamenev and Zinoviev). The second set ot trials, in 1937, was aimed at Stalin’s own allies – those who had opposed him on issues such as collectivisation and the execution of party dissidents. Finally, in 1938, he eliminated the remaining members of Lenin’s inner circle (men like Bukharin and Rykov). This was accompanied by a full-scale assault on every institution in the Soviet Union: the party, the army, the bureaucracy, the cultural organisations, the industrial enterprises, even the secret police. In all, 18 million people died during these purges. With his enemies dead, deported or terrorised into silence, Stalin now assumed the powers of a despot. As Alan Bullock has written, â€Å"Stalin felt strong enough to order the arrest of any of his colleagues without consultation or appeal to the Central Committee or anyone else – the classic definition of the tyrant’s power. (Bullock: 525) However, fear was not the only factor underpinning Stalin’s rule. Soviet totalitarianism was also characterised by the state’s monopoly over economy, the mass media and the armed forces. As far as the economy was concerned, Stalin replaced NEP with a system of command socialism. Under this system, the state owned virtually all productive assets and ran the economy via central planning. Agricultural land was collectivised, and a series of Five Year Plans was introduced to facilitate industrialisation. Another area where the state enjoyed a monopoly was the media. There were over 10,000 newspapers in the country, and all were government owned or controlled. The regime also controlled the nation’s cinemas and film production houses. How to cite Totalitarianism Soviet Stalin, Papers

The Daedalus Myth Its Role In A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST... Essays

The Daedalus Myth: Its Role in A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST... James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is a novel of complex themes developed through frequent allusions to classical mythology. The myth of Daedalus and Icarus serves as a structuring element in the novel, uniting the central themes of individual rebellion and discovery, producing a work of literature that illuminates the motivations of an artist, and the development of his individual philosophy. James Joyce chose the name Stephen Dedalus to link his hero with the mythical Greek hero, Daedalus. In Greek myth, Daedalus was an architect, inventor, and artisan. By request of King Minos, Daedalus built a labyrinth on Crete to contain a monster called the Minotaur, half bull and half man. Later, for displeasing the king, Daedalus and his son Icarus were both confined in this labyrinth, which was so complex that even its creator could not find his way out. Instead, Daedalus fashioned wings of wax and feathers so that he and his son could escape. When Icarus flew too high -- too near the sun -- in spite of his father's warnings, his wings melted, and he fell into the sea and drowned. His more cautious father flew to safety (World Book 3). By using this myth in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (Portrait of the Artist), Joyce succeeds in giving definitive treatment to an archetype that was well established long before the twentieth century (Beebe 163). The Daedalus myth gives a basic structure to Portrait of the Artist. From the beginning, Stephen, like most young people, is caught in a maze, just as his namesake Daedalus was. The schools are a maze of corridors; Dublin is a maze of streets. Stephen's mind itself is a convoluted maze filled with dead ends and circular reasoning (Hackett 203): Met her today point blank in Grafton Street. The crowd brought us together. We both stopped. She asked me why I never came, said she had heard all sorts of stories about me. This was only to gain time. Asked me, was I writing poems? About whom? I asked her. This confused her more and I felt sorry and mean. Turned off that valve at once and opened the spiritual-heroic refrigerating apparatus, invented and patented in all countries by Dante Alighieri. (Joyce 246) Life poses riddles at every turn. Stephen roams the labyrinth searching his mind for answers (Gorman 204). The only way out seems to be to soar above the narrow confines of the prison, as did Daedalus and his son. In Portrait of the Artist, the world presses on Stephen. His own thoughts are melancholy, his proud spirit cannot tolerate the painful burden of reality. In the end, he must rise above it (Farrell 206). At first, Stephen does not understand the significance of his unusual name. He comes to realize, by the fourth chapter, that like Daedalus he is caught in a maze: Every part of his day, divided by what he regarded now as the duties of his station in life, circled about its own centre of spiritual energy. His life seemed to have drawn near to eternity; every thought, word and deed, every instance of consciousness could be made to revibrate radiantly in heaven... (Joyce 142) Throughout the novel, Joyce freely exploits the symbolism of the name (Kenner 231). If he wants to be free, Daedalus must fly high above the obstacles in his path. Like the father Daedalus and the son Icarus, Stephen seeks a way out of his restraints. In Stephen's case, these are family, country and religion. In a sense, Portrait of the Artist is a search for identity; Stephen searches for the meaning of his strange name (Litz 70). Like Daedalus, he will fashion his own wings -- of poetry, not of wax -- as a creative artist. But at times Stephen feels like Icarus, the son who, if he does not heed his father's advice, may die for his stubborn pride (Litz 71). At the end of Portrait of the Artist, he seems to be calling on a substitute, spiritual parent for support, when he refers to Daedalus as old father, old artificer.(Joyce 247),(Ellman 16). Even at Stephen's moment of highest decision, he thinks of himself as a direct descendant of his namesake Daedalus (Litz 71). Stephen's past is important only because it serves as the fuel of the present. Everything that Stephen does in his present life feeds off the